The impact of smoking on periodontal health: A comprehensive review

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Review Article

Author Details : Ena Sharma*, Maninder Kaur, Arshdeep Singh Kooner

Volume : 11, Issue : 3, Year : 2024

Article Page : 138-145

https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.030

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Abstract

Smoking is a significant risk factor for periodontal disease, profoundly affecting oral health. Smoking remains highly prevalent in many populations despite extensive awareness campaigns by the World Health Organization.Smoking weakens the immune system, reduces blood flow to the gums, and fosters the growth of harmful bacteria, which heightens the risk of gingivitis, periodontitis, and tooth loss in smokers. The likelihood of developing periodontal disease is markedly higher among smokers than among non-smokers. Smokers often experience more severe periodontal disease, with greater bone loss and deeper periodontal pockets compared to non-smokers. Both the frequency and duration of smoking contribute to a higher risk of periodontal disease. More significant loss of the connective tissue that holds teeth in place, leading to tooth mobility and eventually tooth loss if untreated. Smoking accelerated alveolar bone loss. Smokers generally show a poorer response to periodontal treatments. Smoking is a major cause of numerous diseases, affecting nearly every organ in the body. Health conditions caused or exacerbated by smoking are Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Lung Cancer, Coronary Health Diseases, Peripheral Artery Disease, Mouth, Throat, Oesophagus cancer. Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of preventable death globally. It significantly increases the risk of heart disease, lung cancer, stroke and COPD. Annually, around 8 million people succumb to smoking related illnesses. Smoking even one cigarette a day greatly increases the risk of developing coronary heart disease and stroke. Research findings underscore that even minimal tobacco intake substantially increases the risk of heart disease and stroke with light smokers facing a 40-50% higher risk compared to non smokers.
 

Keywords: Smoking, Periodontal disease.

How to cite : Sharma E, Kaur M, Kooner A S, The impact of smoking on periodontal health: A comprehensive review. Indian J Clin Anat Physiol 2024;11(3):138-145

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