A closer look at the link between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease

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Review Article

Author Details : Ena Sharma*, Simran Thind, Radhika Goyal, Sreejith Krishna, Ruhee Sangha, Ridhima Sood, Maninder Kaur

Volume : 11, Issue : 3, Year : 2024

Article Page : 128-137

https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.029

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Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontal diseases (PD) are chronic inflammatory conditions that share a complex and bidirectional relationship. Both conditions exhibit common pathogenic mechanisms, including chronic inflammation, immune system dysregulation, and tissue destruction, suggesting a potential close association. This abstract aims to highlight the emerging evidence on the correlation between RA and PD, focusing on their shared risk factors, underlying biological pathways, and the implications for patient management. Studies have shown that individuals with RA are more likely to suffer from periodontal diseases, particularly periodontitis, which is characterized by the progressive destruction of the supporting structures of teeth. The presence of periodontal pathogens, notably Porphyromonas gingivalis, has been implicated in the citrullination of proteins—a key process in the development of RA autoantibodies, specifically anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs). These antibodies play a central role in RA pathogenesis, indicating a potential triggering link between periodontal infection and RA onset.Furthermore, systemic inflammation present in RA exacerbates periodontal inflammation and vice versa, creating a vicious cycle. The shared inflammatory mediators, including cytokines such as TNF-?, IL-1, and IL-6, further reinforce the connection between the two conditions. Management of PD has shown to improve clinical outcomes in RA patients, suggesting that periodontal health may influence RA disease activity.The close association between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal diseases highlights the need for an integrated approach to diagnosis and treatment. Recognizing and managing periodontal disease in RA patients may reduce systemic inflammation and improve overall disease outcomes. Future research should focus on exploring the molecular links between RA and PD, as well as the potential benefits of combined therapeutic interventions.
 

Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, Periodontal diseases, Periodontitis, Chronic inflammation, Citrullination, Systemic inflammation, Shared pathogenesis

How to cite : Sharma E, Thind S, Goyal R, Krishna S, Sangha R, Sood R, Kaur M, A closer look at the link between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease. Indian J Clin Anat Physiol 2024;11(3):128-137

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