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- DOI 10.18231/j.ijcap.2021.021
-
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- Citation
A study of the dermatoglyphic pattern in diabetic subjects in Kalaburagi district
- Author Details:
-
Mohd Ibrahim Pasha
-
Arshiya Zeba *
-
Khwaja Nawazuddin Sarwari
-
Mohammed Mateen Ahmed
Introduction
Dermatoglyphic is the scientific study of epidermal ridges and their configuration on the palmar region of hand and fingers and plantar region of foot and toes.[1] The term dermatoglyphic was coined by cummins and midlo in 1926 and was derived from Greek words ‘Derma’ means skin and ‘glyphics’ means Carvings.[2] Papillary ridges are confined to the palms and the soles and the flexor surfaces of the digits, where they form narrow parallel or curved arrays separated by narrow furrows. The epidermal ridges correspond to on underlying interlocking pattern of dermal papillae, an arrangement which helps to anchor the two layers firmly together. The pattern of dermal papillae determines the early development of epidermal ridges. This arrangement is stable throughout life, unique to the individual, and therefore significant as a means of identification.[3]
Diabetes has a strong hereditary background offspring of two Diabetic parents have an 80% lifetime risk of Diabetes.[4] The peculior pattern of the epidermal ridges serve as diagnostic tool in a number of diseases that have a strong hereditary background. DM is one such disease with a strong genetic basis.[5]
In the present study finger and palmer dermatoglyphic pattern in diabetes are compared with controls. An attempt is made to determine the significant dermatoglyphic parameter criteria in DM patients which can be used in Diagnosis Mellitus.
Materials and Methods
The present study is conducted in patients of diabetes and essential hypertension attending outpatient department (O.P.D.) of HKE Society’s Basaveshwar Teaching and general Hospital, attached to M.R. Medical College Kalaburagi and students of first MBBS 2015-16 batch of department of Anatomy, M.R. Medical College, Kalaburagi.
Materials used
Camel black ink
Stamp pad
Bond paper
Magnifying lens (x5)
Protractor
Pencil and pen
Sampling procedure
Informed consent will be taken from the subjects in a prescribed format. Cummins method was used for the finger prints. Patients will be asked to wash their hands with soap and water. So as to remove any oil or dirt after that, 10 fingers are pressed upon stamp pad and impressed on a white duplicating paper, subject were asked to roll their fingers from one side of the nail to another to allow for better clarity of the impression. This was the screened with the aid of magnifying lens (5x).
Inclusion criteria
Clinically diagnosed cases of type II diabetes.
Exclusion criteria
Any deformities of finger, palm and infected hand.
Diseases causing secondary hypertension.
Chromosoaml abnormalities like klinefelter’s syndrome, Turner’s syndrome etc.
Deep burns of fingers and palms leading to scars.
Sample
For this study 100 patients of Type 2 diabetes mellitus are taken from Basaveshwar Teaching and general hospital at Kalaburagi and 100 normal subjects are taken from students of first MBBS 2015-16 batch of department of Anatomy, M.R. Medical College, Kalaburagi.
Type of study
Hospital based case control study
The analysis include finger print pattern and also total finger ridge count a-b- ridge count and atd angle.
Statistical analysis
In the study statistical data analyzed by SPSS 16.0 version software for quantitative data analysis, mean and Standard Deviation were calculated and for significant unpaired t-test was applied p <0.05 was considered as significant
Ink was applied to palmar region of patients hand from the stamp pad and the patient was asked to press their hands on bond paper one by one and hands were pressed the observer from above and make sure that clear prints have obtained and patient is asked to lift their hands gently.
Results
|
Groups |
Males |
Females |
Total |
|||
|
No. |
% |
No. |
% |
No. |
% |
|
|
Control group |
60 |
60.0 |
40 |
40.0 |
100 |
100.0 |
|
DM group |
58 |
58.0 |
42 |
42.0 |
100 |
100.0 |
|
Hypertension Group |
63 |
63.0 |
37 |
37.0 |
100 |
100.0 |
|
Total |
181 |
60.3 |
119 |
39.7 |
300 |
100.0 |
|
X2 (chi-square) TEST P-Value |
X2 (chi-square) = 13.17 P<0.001 highly significant |
|
Dermatoglyphi C Pattern |
DM Group |
Control Group |
t- test value |
P-value & significance |
|
MEAN ± SD |
MEAN ± SD |
|||
|
UL |
1.42 ± 1.40 |
2.63 ± 1.29 |
t = 6.34 |
P=0.00, HS |
|
RL |
0.02 ± 0.14 |
0.05 ± 0.22 |
t =1.12 |
P=0.251, NS |
|
WHORL |
3.41 ± 1.52 |
2.07 ± 1.41 |
t =6.44 |
P=0.00, HS |
|
ARCH |
0.14 ± 0.47 |
0.25 ± 0.59 |
t =1.45 |
P=0.148, NS |
|
ATD |
39.67 ± 3.69 |
37.9 ± 3.58 |
t =3.44 |
P=0.001, HS |
|
A-B R |
28.63 ± 3.56 |
28.20 ± 4.27 |
t =0.774 |
P=0.440, NS |
There is statistical significant difference in right palmer dermatoglyphic patterns of UL, WHORL, ATD. Between DM group and control group. There is no statistical significant difference in right palmer dermatoglyphic patterns of RL, ARCH, A-B R. between DM group and control group. Mean UL is significantly lower in DM group as compare to control group and Mean WHORL and ATD values are significantly higher in DM group as compare to control group.
|
Dermatoglyphi C Pattern |
DM Group |
Control Group |
t- test value |
P-value & significance |
|
MEAN ± SD |
MEAN ± SD |
|||
|
UL |
1.19 ± 1.34 |
2.65 ± 1.38 |
t = 8.35 |
P=0.00, HS |
|
RL |
0.06 ± 0.27 |
0.07 ± 0.25 |
t =1.32 |
P=0.278, NS |
|
WHORL |
3.45 ± 1.55 |
1.94 ± 1.57 |
t = 8.27 |
P=0.00, HS |
|
ARCH |
0.27 ± 0.63 |
0.28 ± 0.62 |
t =0.45 |
P=0.575, NS |
|
ATD |
39.31± 3.12 |
37.94± 3.53 |
t =3.62 |
P=0.001, HS |
|
A-B R |
28.42 ± 3.83 |
28.8 ± 4.31 |
t =0.654 |
P=0.476, NS |
There is statistical significant difference in left palmer dermatoglyphic patterns of UL, WHORL, ATD. Between DM group and control group. There is no statistical significant difference in left palmer dermatoglyphic patterns of RL, ARCH, A-B R. between DM group and control group. Mean UL is significantly lower in DM group as compare to control group and Mean WHORL and ATD values are significantly higher in DM group as compare to control group
|
Dermatoglyphi C Pattern |
DM Group |
Control Group |
t- test value |
P-Value & significance |
|
MEAN ± SD |
MEAN ± SD |
|||
|
TFRC |
121.67 ± 22.97 |
108.64 ± 22.6 |
t =39.69 |
P=0.000, VHS |
|
AFRC |
244.55 ± 33.93 |
236.05 ± 35.74 |
t =33.2 |
P=0.000, VHS |
There is statistically very highly significant difference in palmer dermatoglyphic patterns of TFRC AND AFRC between DM group and control group. Mean TFRC and AFRC values are significantly higher in DM group as compare to control group.
Discussion
The association of altered dermatoglyphics pattern with T2DM was well-known as reported by several workers. In this section attempt is made to compare the observation seen in our study with previous studies conducted to compare dermatoglyphics pattern is T2DM and essential HTN.
Finger tip pattern
The present study showed increased number of whorls and decreased number of unlar loops in patients with T2DM which is in agreement with studies conducted Sant et al. (1983).[6] Rakate NS et al. (2013).[7]
|
Name of the Study |
UL |
RL |
Whorls |
Arches |
|
Present Study (2016) |
-* |
X |
+* |
X |
|
Sant et al (1983) |
-* |
X |
+* |
X |
|
Rakate NS et al (2013) |
-* |
X |
+* |
X |
The ‘atd’ angle
In present study atd angle was increased in both light and left palm of T2DM patients which correlates with many studies done previously like. Rakate NS et al.[7] Vadgaonkar Rajnigandha (2006) et al.[8]
|
Study |
Increased ‘atd’ angle |
|
|
Rt |
Lt |
|
|
Present study (2016) |
Present |
Present |
|
Rakate NS et al (2013) |
Present |
Present |
|
Vadgaonkar Rajnigandha et al (2006) |
Present |
Present |
Total finger ridge count (TFRc) and Absolute finger ridge count (AFRC).
In present study TFRC and AFRC are increased in T2DM patients compared to controls which correlates with Barta et al.[9] study, Iqbal et al. study.[10]
|
Study |
TFRC |
AFRC |
|
Present study (2016) |
Increased |
Increased |
|
Barta et al (1970) |
Increased |
Increased |
|
Iqbal et al (1978) |
Increased |
Increased |
Conclusion
The dermatoglyphic patterns of 100 Type 2 diabetes mellitus are compared with 100 control group.
We observed no significant difference of sex among all 3 groups. There is increased number of whorls and decreased number of ulnar loops in type 2 DM patients. Total finger ridge count and absolute finger ridge count is increased in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients as compared to control group. ATD angle is also increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus and essential HTN patients. The above parameters can be used as a screening method. Which has a great value in the diagnosis and prevention of T2 DM.
Recommendations
In this study only palm and finger print dermatoglyphic pattern were studied.
A study of plantar could provide additional information.
Source of Funding
None.
Conflict of Interest
None.
References
- LH Bannister, MM Berry, P Collins, M Dyson, JE Dusek, MWJ Ferguson. . Gray’s Anatomy. Integumental System 2000. [Google Scholar]
- SB Holt. The Significance of Dermatoglyphics in Medicine. Clin Pediatr 1973. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
- . . Standring Susan (chief editor): Gray’s Anatomy. In skin and its appendages 2005. [Google Scholar]
- SJ Kenny, RE Ausert, LS Geiss, M Harris. Prevelance and incidence of non- insulin dependent diabetes. Diabetes in America 1995. [Google Scholar]
- TJ David. Dermatoglyphs in congenital heart disease.. J Med Genet 1981. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
- SM Sant, AM Vare, S Fakhruddin. Dermatoglyphics in diabetes patients. J Anat Soc India 1983. [Google Scholar]
- NS Rakate, BR Zambare. Comparative study of the dermatoglyphic patterns in type II diabetes mellitus patients with non diabetics. Int J Med Res Health Sci 2013. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
- V Rajanigandha, P Mangala, P Latha, S Vasudha. Digito-palmar complex in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Turk J Med Sci 2006. [Google Scholar]
- L Barta, A Vari, E Susa. Dermatoglyphic patterns of diabetic children. Acta Paediatr Acad Sci Hung 1970. [Google Scholar]
- M A Iqbal, B K Sahay, Y R Ahuja. Finger and palmar ridge counts in Diabetes mellitus. Acta Antropogenetica 1978. [Google Scholar]
How to Cite This Article
Vancouver
Pasha MI, Zeba A, Sarwari KN, Ahmed MM. A study of the dermatoglyphic pattern in diabetic subjects in Kalaburagi district [Internet]. Indian J Clin Anat Physiol. 2021 [cited 2025 Sep 12];8(2):90-93. Available from: https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2021.021
APA
Pasha, M. I., Zeba, A., Sarwari, K. N., Ahmed, M. M. (2021). A study of the dermatoglyphic pattern in diabetic subjects in Kalaburagi district. Indian J Clin Anat Physiol, 8(2), 90-93. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2021.021
MLA
Pasha, Mohd Ibrahim, Zeba, Arshiya, Sarwari, Khwaja Nawazuddin, Ahmed, Mohammed Mateen. "A study of the dermatoglyphic pattern in diabetic subjects in Kalaburagi district." Indian J Clin Anat Physiol, vol. 8, no. 2, 2021, pp. 90-93. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2021.021
Chicago
Pasha, M. I., Zeba, A., Sarwari, K. N., Ahmed, M. M.. "A study of the dermatoglyphic pattern in diabetic subjects in Kalaburagi district." Indian J Clin Anat Physiol 8, no. 2 (2021): 90-93. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2021.021